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Applications of Phosphates in Food Processing
Subsidiary Classification： Company Blog
2020-12-29 13:44
1. Phosphates can be classified into orthophosphates and polyphosphates: Orthophosphates refer to the various salts of orthophosphoric acid (H3PO4), such as M3PO4, M2HPO4, and MH2PO4 (where M is a monovalent metal ion). Upon heating, orthophosphates undergo dehydration and condensation to form polyphosphates, with the general formula Mn+2PnO3n+1, in which M is a monovalent metal ion and n is the number of phosphorus atoms; when n becomes very large, the limiting chemical formula for polyphosphates is MnPnO3n. Salts of pyrophosphoric acid are called pyrophosphates, e.g., M4P2O7; salts of triphosphoric acid are called tripolyphosphates, e.g., M5P3O10; polyphosphates generally refer to condensed phosphates containing three or more phosphorus atoms, and the number of O–P–O bonds in the molecule is defined as the chain length of the polyphosphate. Metaphosphates have the molecular formula (MPO3)n and can be broadly categorized into cyclic metaphosphates, insoluble metaphosphates, and metaphosphate glasses (which are, in fact, mixtures of chain-like polyphosphates with a chain length greater than 10 and small amounts of cyclic metaphosphates).
2. Phosphates used in food processing are typically sodium, calcium, and potassium salts, as well as iron and zinc salts employed as nutritional fortifiers. More than thirty varieties of food-grade phosphates are commonly used; among these, sodium phosphates currently account for the majority of phosphate consumption in the domestic food industry. With the advancement of food-processing technologies, the consumption of potassium phosphates has also been increasing year by year. To fully exploit the synergistic effects among different phosphates and between phosphates and other additives, thereby meeting the evolving demands of food-processing technology, various compound phosphates are frequently utilized in practical applications as food ingredients and functional additives. Consequently, the research and development of compound phosphates is increasingly emerging as the primary direction for the development and application of phosphate-based food additives.
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